Pezeshkian's Cabinet: Unity or Compromise? What Iran's New Government Means for Its Future

Iran’s political landscape shifted yesterday as Masoud Pezeshkian, the new reformist president, secured parliamentary approval for all 19 of his proposed cabinet ministers. This marks a pivotal moment, yet it’s one filled with both hope and controversy for many.

For many reformists, Pezeshkian’s cabinet choices are a mixed bag. There was anticipation for bold moves—greater representation of ethnic minorities, more women in key roles, and assertive reformers taking the helm. Instead, the presence of conservative figures in crucial ministries sparked disappointment. The dissatisfaction was palpable enough to cause the resignation of Mohammad Javad Zarif, who, despite being appointed as a strategic advisor, stepped down when half of Pezeshkian’s proposed ministers were not those recommended by the “Steering Council” he led.

However, Pezeshkian’s selections reflect his campaign promises of unity and compromise across Iran’s rivalrous factions. Unlike his centrist and reformist predecessors, Rouhani and Khatami, who often clashed with the Islamic Republic’s “deep state”, Pezeshkian seems determined to work within the frameworks set by Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei. His strategy is clear: bring together differing political forces, even if it means discontent within his own camp.

Noteworthy appointments include reformist figures like Mohammadreza Zafarghandi as Minister of Health and Ahmad Meidari as Minister of Labor and Welfare. Both have histories of supporting protest movements, including the 2009 Green Movement protests and the 2022 Women, Life, Freedom protests. Notably, Meidari is also critical of neoliberal economic policies and advocates for welfare-driven solutions prioritizing social institutions and economic equity.

Another significant figure is Farzaneh Sadegh, now serving as Minister of Urban Development, making her the second ever female cabinet minister in the Islamic Republic’s history. Her presence, coupled with the other reformists in the cabinet, could pave the way for more inclusive governance, bringing back other reformist voices previously marginalized.

Yet, the presence of conservatives in key ministries, particularly the Interior, signals that Pezeshkian is also focused on maintaining a cooperative relationship with the conservative- and hardliner-dominated parliament and influential bodies like the Revolutionary Guards. This balance suggests a cautious approach, one that might frustrate those hoping for rapid reform but could ensure more stable governance.

On the foreign policy front, the appointment of Abbas Araghchi as Foreign Minister is a clear indication of Pezeshkian’s desire for diplomatic de-escalation. Araghchi, a key architect of the 2015 nuclear deal, is a pragmatist who is well-regarded in diplomatic circles. His approval with strong parliamentary support suggests that the Iranian establishment seeks to pursue new diplomatic openings, particularly with the West.

Ultimately, Pezeshkian’s strategy of aligning with the ruling system raises critical questions: Can he push through meaningful reforms in foreign policy, social issues, and internet freedom? Or will the entrenched hardline forces stymie his efforts?

While the composition of his cabinet doesn’t close the door on change, it’s clear that Pezeshkian’s presidency will be a delicate balancing act. The coming months will reveal whether this strategy of unity and compromise will lead to tangible progress or simply maintain the status quo.